Helsinki: Finland remained the world's happiest country for a seventh straight year in an annual UN-sponsored World Happiness Report published on Wednesday. For the first time since the report was published more than a decade ago, the United States and Germany were not among the 20 happiest nations.
Data from over 140 countries fuels the report, ranking nations based on average life satisfaction during the past three years (2021-2023). This UN initiative partners with Gallup, Oxford's Wellbeing Research Centre, and the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, along with an editorial board.
The report examines six factors affecting life satisfaction: wealth (GDP per capita), social connections, health, freedom, generosity, and minimal corruption. Additionally, Nordic countries kept their places among the 10 most cheerful, with Denmark, Iceland and Sweden trailing Finland.
US drops out of the top 20
For the first time since the report was published more than a decade ago, the United States and Germany were not among the 20 happiest nations, coming in 23rd and 24th respectively.
In both the United States and Canada, happiness scores for individuals under the age of 30 were significantly lower compared to those aged 60 and above. According to CNN, in the US, individuals under 30 were ranked at No. 62, while those aged 60 and older were ranked at No. 10. Similarly, in Canada, the younger demographic was ranked at No. 58, while those 60 and older were ranked at No. 8. In turn, Costa Rica and Kuwait entered the top 20 at 12 and 13.
The report noted the happiest countries no longer included any of the world's largest countries. "In the top 10 countries only the Netherlands and Australia have populations over 15 million. In the whole of the top 20, only Canada and the UK have populations over 30 million."
Growing inequality
Jennifer De Paola, a happiness researcher at the University of Helsinki in Finland, said that Finns' close connection to nature and healthy work-life balance were key contributors to their life satisfaction.
In addition, Finns may have a "more attainable understanding of what a successful life is", compared to for example the United States where success is often equated with financial gain, she said.
Finns' strong welfare society, trust in state authorities, low levels of corruption and free healthcare and education were also key.
"Finnish society is permeated by a sense of trust, freedom, and high level of autonomy," De Paola said.
Youth happiness declining
This year's report also found that younger generations were happier than their older peers in most of the world's regions - but not all.
In North America, Australia and New Zealand, happiness among groups under 30 has dropped dramatically since 2006-10, with older generations now happier than the young.
By contrast, in Central and Eastern Europe, happiness increased substantially at all ages during the same period, while in Western Europe people of all ages reported similar levels of happiness.
Happiness inequality increased in every region except Europe, which authors described as a "worrying trend".
The rise was especially distinct among the old and in Sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting inequalities in "income, education, health care, social acceptance, trust, and the presence of supportive social environments at the family, community and national levels," the authors said.
Bottom list
Afghanistan, plagued by a humanitarian catastrophe since the Taliban regained control in 2020, stayed at the bottom of the 143 countries surveyed.
The sharpest decline in happiness since 2006-10 was noted in Afghanistan and Lebanon while the Eastern European countries Serbia, Bulgaria and Latvia reported the biggest increases.
The happiness ranking is based on individuals' self-assessed evaluations of life satisfaction, as well as GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom, generosity and corruption.
